ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of human ocular thelaziasis patients in China. Methods Case reports regarding human ocular thelaziasis cases in China were retrieved in international and national electronic databases, including CNKI, VIP, CBM, Traditional Chinese Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System, Wanfang Database, PubMed and Web of Science from 2011 to 2022. Patients’ gender, age, clinical symptoms, treatment, recurrence, site of infections, time of onset, affected eye, affected sites, number of infected Thelazia callipaeda, sex of T. callipaeda and source of infections were extracted for descriptive analyses. Results A total of 85 eligible publications were included, covering 101 cases of human ocular thelaziasis, including 57 males (56.44%) and 44 females (43.56%) and aged from 3 months to 85 years. The main clinical manifestations included foreign body sensation (56 case-times, 22.49%), eye itching (38 case-times, 15.26%), abnormal or increased secretions (36 case-times, 14.46%), tears (28 case-times, 11.24%) and eye redness (28 case-times, 11.24%), and conjunctival congestion (50 case-times, 41.67%) was the most common clinical sign. The most common main treatment (99/101, 98.02%) was removal of parasites from eyes using ophthalmic forceps, followed by administration with ofloxacin and pranoprofen. In publications presenting thelaziasis recurrence, there were 90 cases without recurrence (97.83%) and 2 cases with recurrence (2.17%). Of all cases, 51.96% were reported in four provinces of Hubei, Shandong, Sichuan, Hebei and Henan, and ocular thelaziasis predominantly occurred in summer (42.19%) and autumn (42.19%). In addition, 56.45% (35/62) had a contact with dogs. Conclusions The human thelaziasis cases mainly occur in the continental monsoon and subtropical monsoon climate areas such as the Yellow River and the Yangtze River basin, and people of all ages and genders have the disease, with complex clinical symptoms and signs. Personal hygiene is required during the contact with dogs, cats and other animals, and individual protection is required during outdoor activities to prevent thelaziasis.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the immunomodulatory effects of Longdan Xiegan Tang on related inflammatory cytokines in rots with experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU).Methods Lewis rats were randomly divided into control group (6 rats),EAU group (18 rats) and LXT group (18 rats).Rats in EAU and LXT groups were immunized with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) emulsion.The expressions of IFN-γ,IL-17,IL-10 and TNF-α were investigated by quantitative real-time PCR and ELISA,respectively.Results In blood of LXT group,the mRNA level of IFN-γ on day 8 was higher than that in control group (P =0.000),but obviously lower than that in EAU group (P =0.000);The mRNA level of IL-17 was peaked on day 12,but was lower than EAU group (P=0.000);The mRNA level of TNF-α on day 12 was higher than that in control group (P =0.000),but obviously lower than that in EAU group (P =0.000);The mRNA level of IL-10 on day 16 was higher than that in EAU group (P =0.042).In lymph node and spleen of LXT group,the mRNA levels of IFN-γ,IL-17 and TNF-α on day 12 were lower than those in EAU group (all P=0.000);The mRNA level of IL-10 was peaked on day 12,but was lower than EAU group (P =0.000).In serum of LXT group,the mRNA levels of IFN--γ,IL-17 and TNF-α on day 12 and day 16 were lower than those in EAU group;The level of IL-10 in EAU and LXT group on day 12 were higher than that in control group,peaked on day 16,but the LXT group was the highest.Conclusion Longdan Xiegan Tang can reduce the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines including IFN-γ,IL-17 and TNF-α.Meanwhile,it can also promote the production of IL-10 and further accelerate the recovery of EAU,indicating that Longdan Xiegan Tang can play a significant role in treating uveitis.